Cyber #29

Matteo Scotto

5/29


Slides 43 - 52


After Caesar’s death

Julius Caesar’s 18-year-old grand-nephew and adopted son, Octavian, takes over

He’s joined by Mark Antony, an experienced general, and Lepidus, a powerful politician

The three ruled as the Second Triumvirate for 10 years


The alliance ended

Octavian forced Lepidus to retire

Mark Antony became Octavian’s rival

Mark Antony partnered up with Cleopatra of Egypt (militarily, personally, politically and economically)

Octavian defeats them at the Battle of Actium in 31 B. C.


Octavian became the unchallenged ruler of Rome

He was given the name of Augustus or “Exalted one” and The title of Imperator (Supreme military commander), a term from which we get the word “emperor”

Rome was now an empire, not a republic

Augustus ruled for 40 years as emperor (27 BC to AD 14)

He began a stable era of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

Pax Romana was 207 year-long (27 BC to AD 180)


The accomplishments

Roman Empire expanded further into Africa

He set up civil service to run the government and empire

Building a network of roads

Collecting taxes

Establishing a postal service

Administering the grain supply

Building awesome public facilities - Buildings, aqueducts

Setting up a police department

Running a fire-fighting organization

Augustus died of natural causes in AD 14.


After Octavian’s death, power was passed down to emperors

Some were good, some were horrible, some completely insane

Tiberius

Ruled from AD 14 to AD 37

Excellent general, but the reluctant emperor

After the death of his son, he exiled himself and left his prefects in charge

He died at the age of 77


Caligula

Ruled from AD 37 to AD 41

Known for his cruelty, extravagance, and perversity - an insane tyrant

Assassinated by a group of praetorian guards, senators, and the imperial court, trying to re-establish the republic

The attempt didn’t work 


Claudius

Ruled from AD 41 to AD 54

Suffered from many disabilities possibly because of cerebral palsy

Took over because he was the last adult male in the family

Ruled well - built road, aqueducts, canals and started the conquest of Britain

Died by poisoning - it was his last wife’s plan (she wanted her son Nero to rise to power)


Nero

Ruled from AD 54 to AD 68

Emphasized the arts

He wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic after huge fire

He overspent, and raided the temples for money

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